Geni Swing Guitars

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Shopping for a Piano: Acoustic Vs. Digital

The most serious piano teachers will adamantly point their students in the direction of an acoustic piano. For serious piano studying, I agree with this completely for reasons I will discuss shortly. But for many reasons, a genuine handcrafted instrument may not be the best choice for you. With the affordability, portability, and the many features that come with digital pianos, you may wish to head the other way. Summarily, the question of acoustic versus digital boils down to a matter of authenticity versus everything else.

Mostly, the drawbacks of an acoustic piano are matters of practicality, such as price. For what you could get a new, decent quality digital piano with, you’ll be dealing with a rather meager acoustic. This can encompass a number of problems. For instance, aside from any tuning it might need, the overall sound quality of a cheap acoustic piano can be quite poor. This may not just be an issue of bad strings, but can result from an infinite number of possible factors arising from any of the complex mechanics of the piano being in disrepair. Other common problems of old pianos are broken keys and sticky keys, which is when the keys fail to spring up the way they should. There may also be faults with the framework that can range from nuisances to impending hazards. The list of the possible troubles of a bad acoustic continues indefinitely, and it is likely that the piano will need a decent amount of initial maintenance, in addition to periodic maintenance, which is likely to pull a few additional large bills out of your wallet right way.

Also, because of its bulk and weight, an acoustic may be a very difficult accommodation for people living in tight or elevated spaces, such as dorm rooms and certain city apartments. Some buildings may even prohibit pianos, particularly on floors above the ground level, because the weight and bulk of pianos make them quite cumbersome and possibly hazardous to either the tenants or the buildings themselves. This raises the issue of portability as well. Do you gig? Do you relocate frequently? Toting a 500 pound upright piano isn’t possible for most people; moving one across the room is a challenge for most people. If your music should ideally be ready to go, your hulking wooden companion is not going to be sympathetic.

Acoustic pianos also lack the many features present in digital pianos nowadays that may be valuable tools to you. For example, volume control may be necessary in dormitory, or close living, situations. Newer digitals also come with a suite of onboard functions, including on-the-fly recording, voice customization, electronic metronome, and even music mixing features, which you won’t have. You will also lack the benefit of porting your music to your PC; a simple MIDI connector would feed your performance directly into your computer’s audio card without any ambient noise or loss of sound quality, which will probably beat any recording made with an acoustic piano and consumer grade recording hardware available at a neighborhood electronics store.

In light what you’re giving up in bells and whistles, surely you will be at a degree of inconvenience being committed to an acoustic piano. Still, despite the great deal of effort digital piano makers have put into their product, none have been able to truly reproduce the sound and feel of a good acoustic piano. First, lets talk about the piano sound. To most people, casual or occasional listeners of piano music, the sounds made with an acoustic piano and a digital piano are quite identical and equally satisfactory musically. But listen closely, because there is an important difference.

A digital piano outputs high quality recordings of the sounds that were made by a real piano at one time. During the process of making a digital piano, each key of a real concert grand piano is struck a number of times at varying velocities and recorded with sophisticated equipment. This array of high quality recordings will serve as the digital voice, and will give the digital piano a rather broad range of tonality and an overall likeness of an acoustic piano in varying music dynamics. But once the notes have been recorded and finally integrated with the digital piano’s voicing mechanism, they are never going to be changed. Even though the aesthetic quality of the sound may be state of the art, it is the way the sounds should behave but cannot because they are fixed recordings that is the fundamental problem of digital pianos.

An acoustic piano uses a complex array of hammers, strings, a soundboard, and other moving parts that function in collaboration. This means that when any note is played, it is not played with entire independence, but is highly affected by the current state of the surrounding components of the piano. For example, playing a chord on a digital piano will simply result in three notes being played, as they were recorded individually, at the same time, whereas with an acoustic piano, the three notes will interact with each other through the soundboard and become a stew of vibrations, producing a different, more complex, and ultimately richer sound. Lacking this quality of pliability, what comes out of digital speakers will typically be quite simplistic and boring, and will be most unsatisfactory to aficionados of the true piano tone.

An acoustic piano is also an analog instrument, which means is has virtually infinite range. For example, there is no limit to the loudness or softness a note may be played on an acoustic piano. With digital pianos, there is a point at which a minimum or maximum will be achieved. This means there will be occasions when you will not be able to play a note as softly or as loudly as you wish. In order words, true pppp or ffff are probably beyond the scope of digital pianos without you resorting to adjusting the volume dial while you’re performing. Even if you were to do that, the tonal quality of the notes would remain static from that point on, when it would further continue to dull or brighten on an acoustic piano.

Another problem of digital devices is the matter of intervals. In photography, for example, pixels are the intervals. With a traditional film camera, the amount of detail you are able to capture is theoretically unlimited because film is a single and continuous malleable body. The “film” of a digital camera is not single or continuous but is a multitude of pixels, each of which is only able to record a solid block of color. The amount of detail a digital camera is able to capture will depend on how small the pixels are and how tightly they’re packed together. If the pixels, or intervals, are small enough and packed closely enough, the amalgam of the blocks of color they record will appear to be smooth curves and gradients to the human eye.

There is a similar issue of intervals with digital pianos, which is mainly the issue of touch sensitivity. Digital pianos have a finite number of intervals when it comes to key pressure. The more intervals there are and the closer they are to each other, the more realistically the piano will respond to your dynamics. High end digital pianos will have quite a lot of them. But digital pianos within the means of average shoppers may not have sufficient sensitivity. This means that while the vast difference between piano and forte may be noticeable, the most intricate variances of touch pressure may be disregarded. This will be quite a nuisance to pianists seeking a highly responsive instrument, particularly when it comes to meticulous classical music.

It also manifests in pedaling. Piano pedals are ranged. Between simple on and off, or up and down, there are degrees. “Half-pedaling” and “quarter-pedaling” are crude terms describing the manner of pedaling in which the pedal is only pressed partially down in order to create an intermediate effect. For instance, rather than completely depressing the pedal so that the full brilliance of a note is sustained, you may wish to depress it only half way to dampen about half of the note and let only the remainder of it sustain for a subtler, suppressed quality. Certainly a scrupulous pianist will wish to employ the complete range of pedaling available to him, which may not be represented entirely accurately in a digital piano.

Aside from sound, as mentioned previously, key touch is also an important issue. Digital piano makers these days have gone to great lengths to reproduce the feel of acoustic pianos. For the most part, they’ve done a good job. They’ve even gone as far as implementing graded hammer action, which is in line with the hammers of acoustic pianos gradually becoming lighter from left to right. As a matter of fact, if you could take a look at the inner workings of a digital piano, you would be quite surprised and impressed with the complexity of the hammer mechanics. However, as long as digital pianos look the way they do, being the shape and size they are, there is going to be a limit as to how authentically the key feel can be made.

The hammers in a digital piano are simply extensions of the pianist’s fingers. When the pianist presses a key down, it will raise the opposing side of the lever, which touches an electronic pad inside the piano that serves as the string. The hammers in an acoustic piano do not behave this way. Instead of being extensions of the pianist’s fingers, they are rather like projectiles that are sprung at the strings high above them. Imagine the carnival game where you hit the pad on the ground with a mallet, which flings a projectile up the meter towards the bell at the very top. The finger is the mallet, the visible piano key is the pad, the hammer inside the piano is the projectile, and the string is the bell. First of all, this means if you press a key all the way down but not with the minimum amount of force needed, the projectile hammer will never leave its seating and the string will actually never be struck. On the part of the pianist, this launch-pad-like action will need a slightly different technique than the seesaw-like action of digital piano hammers, predominantly in difficult works. Secondly, it will feel noticeably different under the fingers.

The only way this can truly be reproduced in a digital piano is by the use of bona-fide acoustic hammers. And there’s nothing wrong with doing that. But the problem is there isn’t enough room for them inside the compact size of most of the digital pianos today. That’s why as long as they look the way they do, the action of digital pianos will not feel completely akin to that of acoustic pianos. Certain higher end models do integrate the acoustic hammer action simply to recreate the key feel. Even higher end models, which are called “silent pianos,” integrate strings as well and are bona-fide acoustic pianos with the added ability to remove the strings from the action and toggle on digital mode in order to provide volume control! But these tend to be even more expensive than acoustic pianos.

In terms of what the average piano shopper will be able to afford, the difference in the overall performance between a digital and acoustic piano will be stark. To restate what I said at the beginning of the article, it really boils down to the authenticity versus everything else. And the authenticity is usually going to cost you more to get. What you should think about is how important it is to you that the piano truly resembles an acoustic. Are you a classical piano student looking at a long road of perfection and possibly a career as a concert performer? Then a digital piano is probably not what you want to be practicing on, even as a temporary substitution, because there is a good chance it will hurt your technique. It is possible to get financing on an acoustic piano, so I would recommend going that route, using your budget of cash as a down payment. If this is not necessarily what you have in mind for your musical venture, then perhaps a digital piano is all you require. Depending on your needs, it may not be a mere reduction of an acoustic, but a substantial upgrade with all the features you’re going to get. Typically, a digital piano will be more than enough to satisfy one’s musical appetite.

About the Author

E. Chung is a student of classical piano and webmaster at Piano Lessons with Master Teachers, a freely available collection of interviews held with over 30 legendary concert pianists and teachers concerning the art of piano mastery. To learn more, visit his website at http://www.piano-lessons-master-teachers.com.

Journey's End - An Acoustic Anthology [Digipak] $13.49 Journey's End - An Acoustic Anthology [Digipak]

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Dimarzio Acoustic Guitar Mono/Stereo End Pin Jack $19.95 DiMarzio Acoustic Guitar Mono/Stereo End Pin Jack

D'addario Beb031w Folk Nylon Single Ball End Acoustic Guitar String $1.99 D'Addario BEB031W Folk Nylon Single Ball End Acoustic Guitar String

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Ernie Ball 2409 Ernesto Palla Nylon Ball End Classical Acoustic Guitar Strings $4.99 Ernie Ball 2409 Ernesto Palla Nylon Ball End Classical Acoustic Guitar Strings

Ernie Ball 2069 Earthwood 80/20 Bronze Folk Nylon Ball End Acoustic Guitar Strings $5.99 Ernie Ball 2069 Earthwood 80/20 Bronze Folk Nylon Ball End Acoustic Guitar Strings

Monster 12' Acoustic Instrument Cable $79.99 Designed for use with acoustic/electric guitars, this instrument cable features Time Correct windings that retain high-end clarity, midrange harmonics and sonic lows while maintaining attack, natural warmth and overtones for rich acoustic sound.

Acoustic AG15 Acoustic Amp Pack Black $149.99 The Acoustic Accessory Pack includes all of the essential items that every acoustic-electric guitarist could want, whether it's to protect and to enjoy their instrument. There's even an instructional Guitar & Bass DVD from Rock House!The AG15 acoustic amp is the perfect starter piece for acoustic guitar players looking to amplify their instrument, especially for those playing small clubs and coffee houses, who want to cart around a light but reasonably loud amplifier.With its angled-up wedge shape, the AG15 acoustic amplifier is designed to maximize projection. For warm, full-frequency sound, it features an 8" studio monitor-style speaker for soft mid- and low-frequency response and a coaxial tweeter for ultraclear, sparkling high end. The front panel is simple and easy to use, but intended to give you satisfying control over your tone with a volume control and 3-band EQ. Also included is a built-in chorus effect with its own depth knob and on/off switch.For quiet playing, use the included 1/8" stereo headphone jack; and for pre-recorded accompaniment, the AG15 amp has an 1/8" stereo aux input. Plug in a CD or MP3 player and play along. Finally, a Line Out affords you the opportunity to send your signal to a PA for amplification in larger spaces.Acoustic AG15 guitar ampGig bagGuitar standDigital tunerInstrument polish and clothString winderStrapPicks Instructional DVDPicks

Acoustic Ag15 Acoustic Amp Pack Black $149.99 The Acoustic Accessory Pack includes all of the essential items that every acoustic-electric guitarist could want, whether it's to protect and to enjoy their instrument. There's even an instructional Guitar & Bass DVD from Rock House!The AG15 acoustic amp is the perfect starter piece for acoustic guitar players looking to amplify their instrument, especially for those playing small clubs and coffee houses, who want to cart around a light but reasonably loud amplifier.With its angled-up wedge shape, the AG15 acoustic amplifier is designed to maximize projection. For warm, full-frequency sound, it features an 8" studio monitor-style speaker for soft mid- and low-frequency response and a coaxial tweeter for ultraclear, sparkling high end. The front panel is simple and easy to use, but intended to give you satisfying control over your tone with a volume control and 3-band EQ. Also included is a built-in chorus effect with its own depth knob and on/off switch.For quiet playing, use the included 1/8" stereo headphone jack; and for pre-recorded accompaniment, the AG15 amp has an 1/8" stereo aux input. Plug in a CD or MP3 player and play along. Finally, a Line Out affords you the opportunity to send your signal to a PA for amplification in larger spaces.Acoustic AG15 guitar ampGig bagGuitar standDigital tunerInstrument polish and clothString winderStrapPicks Instructional DVDPicks

Craig Chaquico - Acoustic Highway $30.61 Track Listing: Mountain In The Mist Return Of The Eagle Gypsy Nights Angel Tears Acoustic Highway Sacred Ground Summers End Land Of The Giants Sunset Altar

Acoustic B200H and B410 Stack $529.98 This earth-shaking bass amp head and cab stack includes the Acoustic B200H Bass Amp Head and the Acoustic B410 400W 4x10 Bass Speaker Cabinet. The B200H professional bass head is designed for large club and live applications where fills any stage with depth and definition. The B410 speaker cabinet easily handles the power of the Acoustic B200H amp head and provides wall-shaking lows and massive bottom end. Acoustic B200H 200W Bass Head:The 2 bass inputs are designed to accommodate both active and passive bass guitars while the Gain and Volume controls give you complete control over the character of your tone. Increase the gain for some old school rock tones, or lower it and turn up the volume for great clean, classic or funk tones. The preamp includes a very natural and tube-like compression as well as a harmonically rich distortion circuit, which keeps your tone musicaleven at high volume levels. The Acoustic B200H head also includes a notch filter to tailor your mids, and a 6-band EQ for exact control over every nuance of your bass's tone.Rear-panel features include a parallel Effects Loop, and XLR balanced Line Out with Level Control and Ground Lift. The 2 speaker output jacks allow you to directly connect to each enclosure (such as the Acoustic B115 and or Acoustic B410) to maximize your tone and power.Acoustic B410 400W 4x10 Bass Speaker Cabinet:The Acoustic B410 Bass Cabinet has a professional enclosure designed for large clubs and live applications where it fills any stage with depth and definition. Although conservatively rated at 400W RMS, any combination of Acoustic B115 or B410 cabinets may be used for larger venues.The Acoustic B410 Bass Speaker Cabinet has a rock-solid, sealed design with heavy internal bracing, caster sockets and professional spring-loaded touring handles with rubber grips. Heavy-duty rubber feet allow secure stacking and ensure solid placement on any floor surface. Rear panel features include a recessed jackplate with parallel dual 1/4" jacks and a horn on/off switch.Classic Acoustic cosmetics include nickel corners, black grille cloth with white piping, heavy-duty road-worthy covering material and steel trim strips with understated blue accent color. It all adds to the durability (and legacy vibe) of this great Acoustic Bass Cabinet.

Vir2 Acoustic Legends HD Acoustic Guitar Collection $249.99 With Acoustic Legends HD Acoustic Guitar Sample Library, you will find $40,000 of the finest acoustic guitars, sampled in glorious high definition 24-bit 96kHz stereo, now available in this premium three-DVD, 19 gigabyte collection from Vir2 Instruments. This broad collection of acoustic guitars is sampled in the finest detail in a variety of playing styles, including picked notes, finger picked notes, natural and artificial harmonics, harmonic chords, mutes, chords, release layers, and even fret noise sampled for each guitar. Included in the sample library are several different steel string guitars, nylon strings, twelve strings, acoustic bass, as well as a bonus folder featuring mandolin, ukulele, and banjo. Acoustic Legends HD features the world's best guitars from McPherson, Taylor, Gibson, Martin, and other manufacturers. Also included are numerous bonus patches of special effects, doubled guitars, and more. Acoustic Legends HD also features chord banks containing twelve different chord types in varying positions, with multiple velocity layers and multiple takes per layer, and with both up-strokes and down-strokes, making it simple to create fully authentic rhythm guitar parts. Experience legendary acoustic guitars, sampled in gorgeous detail and now available in one exquisite virtual instrument.The onscreen interface allows for control over some of the most important aspects of the guitars' sound. The controls in the upper part of the interface offer access to audio outputs, MIDI channel input, polyphony, as well as standard solo, mute, tune, pan, and volume controls. Below that is an interface specifically designed for and tailored to the Acoustic Legends HD library. The configuration of these knobs varies slightly from instrument to instrument. The top row offers an optimized EQ module allowing you to use a low and/or high shelf, as well as a mid control. A standard reverb module is also offered, with level and size controls to customize the sound, as is a stereo width knob. Other knobs and displays vary by instrument. Instruments that utilize fret noise and release layers feature specific knobs allowing you to control their levels or switch them off entirely. Chord banks offer a capo knob, giving you an instant virtual capo over your rhythm guitar playing. Chord banks that utilize keyswitching also feature an on-screen display which show which chord layer is active at any given time. Acoustic Legends HD may be used multi-timbrally; multiple virtual instruments can be loaded at once and sequenced either independently or simultaneously depending on how the user sets up the MIDI channels.19 gigabytes of acoustic guitars24-bit, 96kHz samples, utilizing the finest in high-end microphones and preamps, sampled in thorough detail including release layers, fret noise, finger noise, and moreNumerous articulations and styles of playing, including finger picked, plastic picked, harmonics, harmonic chords, mutes, single notes, and chord banksMassive

Vir2 Acoustic Legends Hd Acoustic Guitar Collection $249.99 With Acoustic Legends HD Acoustic Guitar Sample Library, you will find $40,000 of the finest acoustic guitars, sampled in glorious high definition 24-bit 96kHz stereo, now available in this premium three-DVD, 19 gigabyte collection from Vir2 Instruments. This broad collection of acoustic guitars is sampled in the finest detail in a variety of playing styles, including picked notes, finger picked notes, natural and artificial harmonics, harmonic chords, mutes, chords, release layers, and even fret noise sampled for each guitar. Included in the sample library are several different steel string guitars, nylon strings, twelve strings, acoustic bass, as well as a bonus folder featuring mandolin, ukulele, and banjo. Acoustic Legends HD features the world's best guitars from McPherson, Taylor, Gibson, Martin, and other manufacturers. Also included are numerous bonus patches of special effects, doubled guitars, and more. Acoustic Legends HD also features chord banks containing twelve different chord types in varying positions, with multiple velocity layers and multiple takes per layer, and with both up-strokes and down-strokes, making it simple to create fully authentic rhythm guitar parts. Experience legendary acoustic guitars, sampled in gorgeous detail and now available in one exquisite virtual instrument.The onscreen interface allows for control over some of the most important aspects of the guitars' sound. The controls in the upper part of the interface offer access to audio outputs, MIDI channel input, polyphony, as well as standard solo, mute, tune, pan, and volume controls. Below that is an interface specifically designed for and tailored to the Acoustic Legends HD library. The configuration of these knobs varies slightly from instrument to instrument. The top row offers an optimized EQ module allowing you to use a low and/or high shelf, as well as a mid control. A standard reverb module is also offered, with level and size controls to customize the sound, as is a stereo width knob. Other knobs and displays vary by instrument. Instruments that utilize fret noise and release layers feature specific knobs allowing you to control their levels or switch them off entirely. Chord banks offer a capo knob, giving you an instant virtual capo over your rhythm guitar playing. Chord banks that utilize keyswitching also feature an on-screen display which show which chord layer is active at any given time. Acoustic Legends HD may be used multi-timbrally; multiple virtual instruments can be loaded at once and sequenced either independently or simultaneously depending on how the user sets up the MIDI channels.19 gigabytes of acoustic guitars24-bit, 96kHz samples, utilizing the finest in high-end microphones and preamps, sampled in thorough detail including release layers, fret noise, finger noise, and moreNumerous articulations and styles of playing, including finger picked, plastic picked, harmonics, harmonic chords, mutes, single notes, and chord banksMassive

Rock House Acoustic Guitar Intermediate DVD $16.99 The Rock House Acoustic Guitar Intermediate DVD follows the Acoustic Guitar Beginner course (our sku# H72837) with more complete acoustic essentials. It continues with acoustic techniques like strumming, fingerpicking, acoustic slapping and soloing. The instructor introduces you to the world of song writing by showing you how to put chords together to form progressions. By the end of the program, you'll be ready to play and perform like a pro.Includes iPod-ready video, 27 page lesson book, and lifetime membership for online lesson support.

Rock House Acoustic Guitar Intermediate Dvd $16.99 The Rock House Acoustic Guitar Intermediate DVD follows the Acoustic Guitar Beginner course (our sku# H72837) with more complete acoustic essentials. It continues with acoustic techniques like strumming, fingerpicking, acoustic slapping and soloing. The instructor introduces you to the world of song writing by showing you how to put chords together to form progressions. By the end of the program, you'll be ready to play and perform like a pro.Includes iPod-ready video, 27 page lesson book, and lifetime membership for online lesson support.

Acoustic AG120S Acoustic Guitar Combo Amp Black $449.99 With an angled-up wedge shape, the Acoustic AG120S acoustic guitar amp is designed to maximize projection. It features 2 - 60-watt power amps for 120 watts of true stereo output of your guitar and vocals. For warm, full frequency sound, the speaker cabinet features 2 - 8" coaxial speakers with tweeters for excellent mid- and low-frequency response as well as ultraclear, sparkling high-end.Both channels on the Acoustic guitar amplifier have dual inputs, featuring 2 combination inputseach input accepts a 1/4" unbalanced or XLR balanced input, so you can plug in a variety of instrument/microphone combinations. Individual channel volume controls for each input accommodate a variety of level needs, and peak indicators warn you when your signal is getting too hot.3-band EQs with sweepable mids on each channel make it easy to get solid tones for 2 separate instruments or instruments on one channel and microphones on the other. Included on each channel is a selectable effects unit with 16 stereo effects, including reverbs, delays, and choruses.Additionally, the rear panel features an effects loop for incorporating external effects with or without AG120S's built-in effects. The Acoustic guitar amp's master volume control gives you greater control over your overall output when used in conjunction with the channel volume controls.

Acoustic B200h And B410 Stack $549.98 This earth-shaking bass amp head and cab stack includes the Acoustic B200H Bass Amp Head and the Acoustic B410 400W 4x10 Bass Speaker Cabinet. The B200H professional bass head is designed for large club and live applications where fills any stage with depth and definition. The B410 speaker cabinet easily handles the power of the Acoustic B200H amp head and provides wall-shaking lows and massive bottom end. Acoustic B200H 200W Bass Head:The 2 bass inputs are designed to accommodate both active and passive bass guitars while the Gain and Volume controls give you complete control over the character of your tone. Increase the gain for some old school rock tones, or lower it and turn up the volume for great clean, classic or funk tones. The preamp includes a very natural and tube-like compression as well as a harmonically rich distortion circuit, which keeps your tone musicaleven at high volume levels. The Acoustic B200H head also includes a notch filter to tailor your mids, and a 6-band EQ for exact control over every nuance of your bass's tone.Rear-panel features include a parallel Effects Loop, and XLR balanced Line Out with Level Control and Ground Lift. The 2 speaker output jacks allow you to directly connect to each enclosure (such as the Acoustic B115 and or Acoustic B410) to maximize your tone and power.Acoustic B410 400W 4x10 Bass Speaker Cabinet:The Acoustic B410 Bass Cabinet has a professional enclosure designed for large clubs and live applications where it fills any stage with depth and definition. Although conservatively rated at 400W RMS, any combination of Acoustic B115 or B410 cabinets may be used for larger venues.The Acoustic B410 Bass Speaker Cabinet has a rock-solid, sealed design with heavy internal bracing, caster sockets and professional spring-loaded touring handles with rubber grips. Heavy-duty rubber feet allow secure stacking and ensure solid placement on any floor surface. Rear panel features include a recessed jackplate with parallel dual 1/4" jacks and a horn on/off switch.Classic Acoustic cosmetics include nickel corners, black grille cloth with white piping, heavy-duty road-worthy covering material and steel trim strips with understated blue accent color. It all adds to the durability (and legacy vibe) of this great Acoustic Bass Cabinet.B200H Head:Extra goodies:Ground LiftEffect LoopOptions:Power: 200 Watts @ 4 OhmsChannels: 1EQ: 6-Band EQ - sweepableFrequency notch filterInputs: dual inputs (passive & active)Outs: XLR direct outB410 CabinetPower: 400 watts power handlingSpeaker: 4 x 10" heavy-duty speakers, high-frequency with on/off switchImpedance: 8 OhmsInput: Parallel 1/4" Input JacksOther goodies: heavy-duty tour handles, damage resistant vinyl covering, caster sockets (casters sold separately)